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An Electromyographic Study of Coactivity of Human Extraocular Muscles in Following Movements
EDWARD TAMLER, M.D.;
ELWIN MARG, Ph.D.;
ARTHUR JAMPOLSKY, M.D.
AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1959;61(2):270-273.
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Cocontraction is defined as the simultaneous increased contraction of extraocular muscles which are normally antagonistic in their primary field of action. It has been hypothesized that cocontraction occurs when the eye moves from its primary position to any secondary or tertiary position.1 According to this hypothesis, as the lateral rectus abducts an eye, the vertical recti as well as the obliques cocontract to steady the eye in its horizontal path. At the same time, the cocontraction prevents undue torsion of the globe and helps maintain abduction as the lateral rectus loses its mechanical advantage as the movement progresses. The same reasoning would apply to adduction, supraduction, and infraduction. It is the purpose of this paper to report the results of testing this hypothesis by multiplechannel electromyography.
The steadying effect and reinforcement of eye movement by cocontraction of auxiliary muscles* was postulated as early as 1897 by Duane.2 By
. . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]
Author Affiliations
San Francisco
From the Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine (Drs. Tamler and Jampolsky), and School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. (Dr. Marg).
Footnotes
Submitted for publication July 14, 1958.
This work was supported by ONR Contract 225 (20) and U. S. P. H. S. Grant B686.
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