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HYPEROPHTHALMOPATHIC GRAVES'S DISEASEClinical Observations in Nineteen Cases
THOMAS R. HEDGES, Jr., M.D.;
EDWARD ROSE, M.D.
AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1953;50(4):479-490.
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THE PURPOSE of this report is to describe the clinical course of 19 patients with hyperophthalmopathic Graves's disease followed for periods varying from  to 20 years. The classification and relation to thyroid dysfunction are considered in the light of this experience.
The ocular manifestations which we have chosen to call the hyperophthalmopathic phenomena of Graves's disease are also known by several other names: malignant, progressive, or postoperative exophthalmos; exophthalmic ophthalmoplegia; the ophthalmopathic form of Graves's disease, and thyrotropic exophthalmos. The current concept of Graves's disease has been aptly summarized by Means1 as follows:
Graves' disease, therefore, may be defined as a constitutional disturbance of unknown origin, characterized in its full-blown classic form by hyperplasia of the thyroid, hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, and an utterly unique type of ophthalmopathy, together with widespread changes in other systems of the body. Many cases fulfill all these requirements; some only a portion of
. . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]
Author Affiliations
PHILADELPHIA
From the Department of Ophthalmology and the Endocrine Section of the Medical Clinic, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.
Footnotes
Submitted by Dr. Hedges in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medical Science, University of Pennsylvania, Graduate School of Medicine.
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