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DAVID G. COGAN, M.D.

Arch Ophthal. 1948;39(1):92-93.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

The varying action of the individual extraocular muscles in different positions of the eyes is often confusing to the student, and little enlightenment is to be found in texts, which categorically divide the actions into "primary" and "secondary," leaving the student to memorize the functions by rote.

Believing that a simple mechanical device may give the student a functional interpretation of the changing action, I have for the past several years had students make a golf ball model, which in its simplicity, cost and ease of construction has distinct advantages over the ophthalmotropes frequently used. It is described here in the belief that it may have some general usefulness in postgraduate teaching.

Golf ball model of the left eye.

A standard golf ball is just twice the size of the normal adult eye, and some standard furniture gliders are twice the size of the cornea. The glider prongs are hammered . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
BOSTON

From the Howe Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.

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