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KENNETH L. ROPER, M.D.

Arch Ophthal. 1941;25(2):336-353.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

When the eyes are made to focus on a near object they are said to converge. Convergence results from a simultaneous and equal contraction of the two internal rectus muscles, producing equal movements inward, or convergence adduction, of the eyes. Adler¹ stated that this action is aided by simultaneous contraction of the superior and inferior recti and that during the act of convergence there is a wheel-like rotation of each eye around its anteroposterior axis, producing true extorsion. The upper pole of each vertical meridian rotates slightly outward, Spaeth² explained, because of the predominant effect of the inferior recti, which add extorsion to the accompaniment of rotation. This increases naturally as downward rotation increases.

To this active movement there may be added a passive phenomenon, inhibition of the external recti. Another phenomenon, that of accommodation, is associated with convergence. There exists between convergence and accommodation a close relation, . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
PHILADELPHIA

From the Wills Hospital.

Footnotes
Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medical Science (M. Sc. [Med.]) for graduate work in ophthalmology.

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