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JOSEPH I. PASCAL, M.D.

Arch Ophthal. 1934;11(3):498-502.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

Velonoskiascopy or, more briefly, velonoscopy, is a subjective method of examination which in a sense is a complete method. By this I mean that it can be used to determine and measure all errors of refraction and accommodation, including hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. But like most other general tests it is more effective and more reliable in some of its applications than in others. I wish to call attention to only one of its applications, namely, its use as a check test for astigmatism. The method was designed by Professor Lindner of Vienna about eight years ago. I have modified the test somewhat in order to make its application more workable in routine practice.

The place of the test in an examination will be more readily understood from an illustration. Suppose that one has obtained by the usual methods a correction in the trial frame which is +2.00 . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
NEW YORK

Footnotes
Read before the Brooklyn Ophthalmological Society, Oct. 19, 1933.

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