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ANOMALIES OF THE OCULAR MUSCLESSYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS, EVIDENCES OF PARALYSIS AND SPASM
ALEXANDER DUANE, M.D.
Arch Ophthal. 1934;11(3):394-422.
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| Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings. |
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Essential Identity of Symptoms in Underaction and Overaction, However Caused.—Any of the ocular muscles may act insufficiently or to excess, and the overaction or underaction may be due to anomalies of structure, insertion or innervation. The terms paralysis and spasm are sometimes restricted to the innervational anomalies. But, as clinical evidence shows, the symptoms of either overaction or underaction are for the most part the same, no matter what the cause. It is hence convenient to group all of these anomalies in one category, without attempting to distinguish them into structural, insertional and innervational, and to use the terms paralysis and spasm to denote them, no matter what their origin.
This treatment of the subject is especially justified in cases of underaction. An inefficiency of the external rectus due to sheer muscular weakness or to a complete tenotomy resembles in practically all particulars one due to
. . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]
Author Affiliations
NEW YORK
Footnotes
Dr. Alexander Duane died on June 10, 1926. Mrs. Duane has courteously permitted the publication of certain chapters from the book on "Ocular Muscles" on which Dr. Duane was so industriously working and which he had nearly completed at the time of his unfortunate end. These chapters represent the views of an authority who devoted his life to scientific research in a field to which he had so ably contributed.—The Editors.
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