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John G. Galaznik, MD, FAAP

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

Walsh¹ established that optic nerve sheath hemorrhages (ONSH) arise at sites in the optic nerve sheath dura with rapid increases in intracranial pressure (ICP). He also established that retinal hemorrhages increased in prevalence proportional to the severity of the ONSH. Muller² documented acute increased ICP as the cause of OSNH with retinal hemorrhage and orbital hemorrhage, confirming Walsh's findings. Gilles³ reported the appearance and progression of retinal hemorrhages in the presence of sustained increased ICP. Albert's ophthalmology textbook⁴ states that retinal hemorrhages that extend to the far periphery suggest venous occlusive disease. Emerson⁵ could find no support for the vitreous traction hypothesis and proposed that sustained venous stasis and leakage from retinal vessels can lead to elevated circular retinal folds. To date, biomechanical analysis and animal studies have failed to confirm the validity of the vitreous traction hypothesis. Consequently, any article seeking the pathogenesis of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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