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Tissue Bioengineering
Potential Applications to Glaucoma
Michael J. Young, PhD;
Teresa Borrás, PhD;
Michael Walter, PhD;
Robert Ritch, MD
Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:1725-1731.
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INTRODUCTION
Glaucoma comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders, the final common pathways of which result in the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and subsequent characteristic patterns of visual field loss and excavation of the optic nerve head. Those glaucomas in which elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) predominate are characterized by dysfunction of the trabecular meshwork, resulting in increased resistance to aqueous outflow. Non–pressure-dependent mechanisms remain poorly delineated and may consist of cardiovascular and local ischemic conditions, autoimmune and connective tissue disorders, and genetic predisposition to retinal ganglion cell death.
The lack of a common, unified causal theory for glaucoma has made the development of directed therapeutics difficult. Elevated IOP, a generation ago considered equivalent to the disease itself, is really only a risk factor for it (albeit the most important one). The only available therapeutically proven and marketed . . . [Full Text of this Article]
BASIC CONCEPT OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
BIOCOMPATIBILITY
SCAFFOLDS
SCAFFOLDS USED TODAY IN TISSUE REGENERATION
Bone and Central Nervous System Spinal Cord
SOURCES OF STEM CELLS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING
Stem Cells for CNS Stem Cells for Vascular Regeneration Stem Cells in Eye Niches
SOURCES OF GRAFTS AND ORGANOIDS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING
Tissue Grafts for the Optic Nerve Organoids for Gastrointestinal Reconstruction
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS FOR RETINAL REGENERATION
Axon Guidance Retinal Prosthesis Survival of Retinal Transplant
PROGRESS OF TISSUE ENGINEERING IN THE CORNEA
FUTURE APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Author Affiliations: Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (Dr Young); Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Borrás); Department of Ocular Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (Dr Walter); Departments of Ophthalmology, the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York City, and The New York Medical College, Valhalla (Dr Ritch).
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