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George O. Waring III, MD, FRCOphth

Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:1069-1073.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

Hyperopia is difficult to treat surgically. Nearly a dozen techniques strive toward safe, effective outcomes. All techniques are bedeviled by 3 challenges: (1) the need for accurate centration over the pupil of a steeper central optical zone approximately 5 mm in diameter, (2) the potential decreased visual acuity caused by image minification,^1-2 and (3) the creation of corneal contours with physiologic characteristics able to minimize optical aberrations and regression of initial refractive effect.

Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy³ and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)⁴ for hyperopia are being developed with ongoing changes in ablation algorithms. Thermal keratoplasty with a pulsed holmium:YAG laser has been plagued by marked regression of effect when attempting to treat more than approximately +1.00 diopter (D) of hyperopia.^5-6 An infrared continuous-wave diode laser (wavelength of 1.9 µm) is also being studied in clinical trials.⁷ Plus-power phakic intraocular lenses face the design . . . [Full Text of this Article]

THE LIMITS OF KERATOMILEUSIS

FLAWED METHODS OF EVALUATING NEW SURGICAL TECHNIQUES

SOCIAL ENGINEERING IN REFRACTIVE SURGERY

SUGGESTIONS FOR TESTING NEW SURGICAL TECHNIQUES

From the Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.

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