Osmolarity of tear microvolumes in keratoconjunctivitis sicca
J. P. Gilbard, R. L. Farris and J. Santamaria 2nd
Determinations of tear film osmolarity were performed to evaluate their
usefulness in diagnosing keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and to evaluate
the possible role of elevated tear osmolarity in this disorder's
pathogenesis. Tear samples were obtained using a new technique that
virtually eliminates the problems of reflex tearing and sample evaporation.
The tear osmolarity of 36 samples obtained from 31 normals eyes averaged
302 +/- 6.3 (SD) mOsm/liter; 38 samples obtained from 30 KCS eyes averaged
343 +/- 32.3 (SD) mOsm/liter. The sensitivity of a single measurement was
94.7% and the specificity was 93.7%. Tear samples taken on separate
occasions from one normal subject ranged between 295 and 309 mOsm/liter;
those obtained from a KCS patient ranged between 312 and 424 mOsm/liter.
Hypersmolarity of the tear film in KCS may play an important role in
inducing the disease seen in the cornea and conjunctiva.
NFAT5 Induction and Its Role in Hyperosmolar Stressed Human Limbal Epithelial Cells
Lee et al.
IOVS 2008;49:1827-1835.
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Dry Eye Diagnosis
Khanal et al.
IOVS 2008;49:1407-1414.
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Tear film osmolarity: determination of a referent for dry eye diagnosis.
Tomlinson et al.
IOVS 2006;47:4309-4315.
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Conjunctival cytokine expression in symptomatic moderate dry eye subjects.
Narayanan et al.
IOVS 2006;47:2445-2450.
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Strip Meniscometry: A New and Simple Method of Tear Meniscus Evaluation
Dogru et al.
IOVS 2006;47:1895-1901.
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Mucin Characteristics of Human Corneal-Limbal Epithelial Cells that Exclude the Rose Bengal Anionic Dye
Argueso et al.
IOVS 2006;47:113-119.
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Stimulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Hyperosmolarity via a JNK Pathway in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells
Li et al.
IOVS 2004;45:4302-4311.
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Aquaporin-Dependent Water Permeation at the Mouse Ocular Surface: In Vivo Microfluorimetric Measurements in Cornea and Conjunctiva
Levin and Verkman
IOVS 2004;45:4423-4432.
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Relationship Between Tear Volume and Tear Meniscus Curvature
Yokoi et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:1265-1269.
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Sodium hyaluronate eye drops of different osmolarity for the treatment of dry eye in Sjogren's syndrome patients
Aragona et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2002;86:879-884.
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Modification of the tear function index and its use in the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome
Kaye et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2001;85:193-199.
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Aging and the lacrimal system
VAN HAERINGEN
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1997;81:824-826.
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