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I. The Precision of Retinoscopy

Aran Safir, MD; Lyon Hyams, MD; John Philpot, PhD; Louis S. Jagerman, MD

Arch Ophthalmol. 1970;84(1):49-61.

Abstract
A clinical study was done to determine how precisely ophthalmologists perform retinoscopy. Ten subjects were examined by five ophthalmologists on two separate occasions. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the physicians' precision was unaffected by patients' sex or type of refractive error; the physicians in general agreed in their estimates of the magnitudes of the refractive errors, but their precision varied significantly; cylinder power was measured more precisely than sphere power; and right eyes were measured more precisely than left eyes. Quantitative estimates are given for the variability of replicate retinoscopic measurements. Suggestions are made for techniques of clinical retinoscopy which may minimize certain errors.

Author Affiliations
New York; New Brunswick, NJ; Arlington, Va

From the Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (Dr. Safir); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Community Medicine, Rutgers Medical School (Dr. Hyams), and Center for Computer and Information Services, Rutgers, the State University (Dr. Philpot), New Brunswick, NJ; and the Neurological & Sensory Disease Control Program, Public Health Service, Arlington, Va (Dr. Jagerman).

Footnotes
Submitted for publication Dec 29, 1969.

Reprint requests to Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Fifth Ave and 100th St, New York 10029 (Dr. Safir).

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