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Kenneth R. Hovland, MD; Ismail H. Elzeneiny, MD; Charles L. Schepens, MD

Arch Ophthalmol. 1969;82(4):466-474.

Abstract
A description and clinical evaluation of the small-pupil binocular indirect ophthalmoscope is presented. This instrument can be used as an ordinary indirect stereoscopic ophthalmoscope. In addition, it performs better than available instruments in different situations, for instance when the patient's pupil is small (down to 1.5 mm) or partly occupied by opacities, or for the examination of the extreme fundus periphery with any kind of pupil. The principles of construction of the instrument are briefly outlined. This is followed by a description of the recommended technique and a description of clinical situations in which the instrument has been found of advantage.

Author Affiliations
Boston

From the Department of Retina Research, Retina Foundation, and the Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston.

Footnotes
Submitted for publication March 26, 1969.

Reprint requests to Library, Retina Associates, 100 Charles River Plaza, Boston 02114 (Dr. Schepens).

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