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Thomas S. Cunneen, MBBS, MM(OphthSc); R. Max Conway, MBBS, PhD; Michele C. Madigan, PhD

Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(4):414-420.

Objective  To investigate the effects of mitomycin C and the histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin on the viability and growth of conjunctival melanoma cell lines and Tenon capsule fibroblasts.

Methods  Cells were treated with a range of concentrations of sodium butyrate, trichostatin, and mitomycin C. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays were performed 48 hours after treatment. Treated cells were stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide to assess for cell death. Cell-cycle changes in histone deacetylase inhibitor–treated melanoma cells were quantified using flow cytometry.

Results  All agents induced dose-dependent cell death in the melanoma cell lines; however, sodium butyrate and trichostatin were relatively nontoxic to Tenon capsule fibroblasts. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining indicated that sodium butyrate and trichostatin induced apoptotic cell death. At low doses, sodium butyrate and trichostatin induced a G1 cell-cycle block in the melanoma cells.

Conclusions  Sodium butyrate and trichostatin induced cell death in melanoma cells, comparable with mitomycin C, with minimal effect on Tenon capsule fibroblasts. In addition, they induced a G1 cell-cycle block. These findings support the need for further investigation into the in vivo efficacy of these agents.

Author Affiliations: Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Drs Cunneen, Conway, and Madigan); and School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia (Dr Madigan).

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