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AREDS Report No. 22

Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group^*

Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125(9):1225-1232.

Objective  To evaluate the relationship of dietary carotenoids, vitamin A, alpha-tocopherol, and vitamin C with prevalent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS).

Methods  Demographic, lifestyle, and medical characteristics were ascertained on 4519 AREDS participants aged 60 to 80 years at enrollment. Stereoscopic color fundus photographs were used to categorize participants into 4 AMD severity groups and a control group (participants with < 15 small drusen). Nutrient intake was estimated from a self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at enrollment. Intake values were energy adjusted and classified by quintiles. The relationship between diet and AMD status was assessed using logistic regression analyses.

Results  Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin intake was inversely associated with neovascular AMD (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.93), geographic atrophy (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.24-0.86), and large or extensive intermediate drusen (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96), comparing the highest vs lowest quintiles of intake, after adjustment for total energy intake and nonnutrient-based covariates. Other nutrients were not independently related to AMD.

Conclusion  Higher dietary intake of lutein/zeaxanthin was independently associated with decreased likelihood of having neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, and large or extensive intermediate drusen.

*The Writing Team for the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) Research Group consisted of John Paul SanGiovanni, ScD; Emily Y. Chew, MD; Traci E. Clemons, PhD; Frederick L. Ferris III, MD; Gary Gensler, MS; Anne S. Lindblad, PhD;Roy C. Milton, PhD;Johanna M. Seddon, MD; and Robert D. Sperduto , MD.
Group Information: A complete list of the members of the AREDS Research Group appears in Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(5):716-726.

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