 |
|
The Economic Burden of Major Adult Visual Disorders in the United States
David B. Rein, PhD;
Ping Zhang, PhD;
Kathleen E. Wirth, BA;
Paul P. Lee, MD, JD;
Thomas J. Hoerger, PhD;
Nancy McCall, ScD;
Ronald Klein, MD, MPH;
James M. Tielsch, PhD;
Sandeep Vijan, MD, MS;
Jinan Saaddine, MD, MPH
Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:1754-1760.
Objective To estimate the societal economic burden and the governmental budgetary impact of the following visual disorders among US adults aged 40 years and older: visual impairment, blindness, refractive error, age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and primary open-angle glaucoma.
Design We estimated 3 components of economic burden: direct medical costs, other direct costs, and productivity losses. We used private insurance and Medicare claims data to estimate direct medical costs; epidemiologic evidence from multiple published sources to estimate other direct costs, such as nursing home costs; and data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to estimate productivity losses. We used budgetary documents and our direct medical and other direct cost estimates to approximate the governmental budgetary impact.
Results We estimated that the annual total financial burden of major adult visual disorders is $35.4 billion ($16.2 billion in direct medical costs, $11.1 billion in other direct costs, and $8 billion in productivity losses) and that the annual governmental budgetary impact is $13.7 billion.
Conclusions Major visual disorders among Americans older than 40 years result in substantial economic costs for the US economy. Well-designed public health programs may have the ability to reduce this burden in the future.
Author Affiliations: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Drs Rein, Wirth, Hoerger, and McCall); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation, Atlanta, Ga (Drs Zhang and Saaddine); Duke University Center for Health Policy Law and Management, Durham, NC (Dr Lee); University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison (Dr Klein); Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md (Dr Tielsch); University of Michigan, Veterans Affairs Health Services Research, Development Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research, Ann Arbor (Dr Vijan).
 CiteULike  Connotea  Delicious  Digg  Facebook  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter
What's this?
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
The Cost-effectiveness of Welcome to Medicare Visual Acuity Screening and a Possible Alternative Welcome to Medicare Eye Evaluation Among Persons Without Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus
Rein et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2012;0:archopthalmol.2011.1921v1-8.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The circumstances of older people in England with self-reported visual impairment: A secondary analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
Zimdars et al.
British Journal of Visual Impairment 2012;30:22-30.
ABSTRACT
Trends in Glaucoma Medication Expenditure: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001-2006
Lam et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129:1345-1350.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Review of therapeutic advances in diabetic retinopathy
Chen and Shah
Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 2011;2:39-53.
ABSTRACT
Patient Preferences for Diabetic Retinopathy Health States
Szabo et al.
IOVS 2010;51:3387-3394.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Economic Cost of Visual Impairment in Japan
Roberts et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128:766-771.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The Cost of Visual Impairment: Purposes, Perspectives, and Guidance
Frick et al.
IOVS 2010;51:1801-1805.
FULL TEXT
Increased Prevalence of Myopia in the United States Between 1971-1972 and 1999-2004
Vitale et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:1632-1639.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Use of Global Visual Acuity Data in a Time Trade-off Approach to Calculate the Cost Utility of Cataract Surgery
Lansingh and Carter
Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:1183-1193.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Trends in Annual Medicare Expenditures for Glaucoma Surgical Procedures From 1997 to 2006
Schmier et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:900-905.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
High-Rate Internal Pressurization of Human Eyes to Predict Globe Rupture
Bisplinghoff et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:520-523.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Forecasting Age-Related Macular Degeneration Through the Year 2050: The Potential Impact of New Treatments
Rein et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:533-540.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Longitudinal Incidence of Adverse Outcomes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Wysong et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:320-327.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Is Universal Vision Care Coverage the Best Way to Get People to See Their Eye Care Providers?
Kymes and Frick
Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:335-336.
FULL TEXT
Projection of Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Major Eye Diseases Among People With Diabetes Mellitus: United States, 2005-2050
Saaddine et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:1740-1747.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Resource Use and Costs Associated With Diabetic Macular Edema in Elderly Persons
Shea et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:1748-1754.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Does Functional Vision Behave Differently in Low-Vision Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy?--A Case-Matched Study
Ahmadian and Massof
IOVS 2008;49:4051-4057.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Prevalence of Refractive Error in the United States, 1999-2004
Vitale et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:1111-1119.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Health Insurance Coverage and Use of Eye Care Services
Zhang et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:1121-1126.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Impact of Vision Loss on Costs and Outcomes in Medicare Beneficiaries With Glaucoma
Bramley et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:849-856.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Prevalence of Major Eye Diseases Among US Civil War Veterans, 1890-1910
Sloan et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:246-250.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Poverty and blindness in Pakistan: results from the Pakistan national blindness and visual impairment survey
Gilbert et al.
BMJ 2008;336:29-32.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
VISION LOSS AND AGING: FROM DISCONNECT TO CROSSROADS IN THE FIELD?
Stuen
The Gerontologist 2007;47:858-862.
FULL TEXT
|
