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A Novel Mutation in the Forkhead Box C1 (FOXC1) Gene in a 4-Generation Family

Bruno Mortemousque, MD, PhD; Patrizia Amati-Bonneau, MD; François Couture, MSc; Rodolphe Graffan, MD; Stéphane Dubois, BSc; Joseph Colin, MD; Dominique Bonneau, MD; Jean Morissette, MSc; Didier Lacombe, MD; Vincent Raymond, MD, PhD

Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:1527-1533.

Objective  To characterize DNA mutations in a pedigree of Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly (ARA) (Online Mendelian Inheritance of Man 601631), a clinically and genetically heterogeneous, autosomal dominantly inherited disorder associated with anterior chamber abnormalities and glaucoma.

Design  Observational case-control and DNA linkage and screening studies.

Participants  Affected (10 cases) and unaffected (5 controls) members of a family with ARA.

Methods  Clinical characteristics of ARA were documented by history or physicial examination of symptomatic individuals. With their informed consent, a blood sample was collected from each of 10 affected and 5 unaffected family members. DNA was tested for linkage to the IRID1 locus at chromosome 6p25, a known locus for ARA/Rieger syndrome. A candidate gene previously mapped at this locus, FOXC1, was screened for mutations in cases and controls.

Main Outcome Measure  Linkage of the ARA phenotype at the 6p25 locus and mutation detected in FOXC1.

Results  Direct sequencing of FOXC1 detected a new mutation, T272C, that segregated with the ARA phenotype in this family and was not detected in DNA from family members without ARA. This mutation, a TC transition, is predicted to result in a change of isoleucine to threonine (Ile9lThr) in a highly conserved location within the first helix of the forkhead domain.

Conclusion  Characterization of the FOXC1 mutation in family members with ARA furthers our understanding of the molecular origin of developmental glaucoma and other anterior segment disorders.

From the Service d'Ophtalmologie (Drs Mortemousque, Graffan, and Colin), and Service de Génétique (Dr Lacombe), Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (Dr Amati-Bonneau) and Service de Génétique Médicale (Dr Bonneau), Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Oncologique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec (Mssrs Couture and Morissette, Ms Dubois, and Dr Raymond). Drs Mortemouseque and Raymond contributed equally to the work. The authors have no relevant financial interest in this article.

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