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The Prevalence of Age-Related Maculopathy in Iceland
Reykjavik Eye Study
Fridbert Jonasson, MD;
Arsaell Arnarsson, MSc;
Hiroshi Sasaki, MD;
Tunde Peto, MD;
Kazuyuki Sasaki, MD;
Alan C. Bird, MD
Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:379-385.
ABSTRACT
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Objective To examine the age- and sex-specific prevalence of age-related maculopathy (ARM) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in citizens of Reykjavik, Iceland, who were 50 years and older.
Design Random sample, cross sectional.
Materials and Methods Response rate was 75.8%. The presence and severity of various characteristics of drusen and pigmentary changes that are typical of ARM and AMD were determined by grading stereoscopic color fundus photographs, using the international classification and grading system for ARM and AMD.
Results We were able to evaluate 1021 right-eye and 1020 left-eye macular photographs. There was no statistically significant difference between right and left eyes. In people aged 50 to 59 years, 4.8% of participants (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-7.0) were found to have intermediate soft drusen measuring 63 to 125 µm in either eye; 1.2% (95% CI, 0.0-2.3) had large soft distinct drusen larger than 125 µm; and 0.6% (95% CI, 0.0-1.4) had large soft, crystalline, or semisolid drusen. The same figures for those 80 years and older were 18.2% (95% CI, 9.8-26.6), 10.9% (95% CI, 4.0-17.8), and 25.5% (95% CI, 18.4-32.6), respectively. Geographic atrophy was found in either eye in 9.2% of those participants 70 years and older (95% CI, 5.6-12.7), and exudative macular degeneration was found in 2.3% of participants 70 years and older (95% CI, 0.5-4.1).
Conclusion Geographic atrophy was found to be more common in our study than in other population-based studies.
From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (Dr Jonasson and Mr Arnarsson); Eye Department, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan (Drs H. Sasaki and K. Sasaki); and Moorfields Eye Hospital and Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England (Drs Peto and Bird).
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