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Eva K. Larsson, MD; Agneta C. Rydberg, PhD; Gerd E. Holmström, MD, PhD

Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:1430-1436.

Objective  To evaluate the refractive outcome in 10-year-old prematurely born children and in full-term control children.

Methods  Retinoscopy during cycloplegia was performed in 213 prematurely born children from a previous population-based study on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and in 217 children born at term. The spherical equivalent, astigmatism, anisometropia, and significant refractive errors (defined as hypermetropia >3 diopters [D], myopia -1 D, astigmatism 1 D in 1 or both eyes, and/or anisometropia 1 D) were analyzed.

Results  Significant refractive errors were found in 29.6% of the prematurely born and in 7.8% of the full-term children. Prematurely born children had higher prevalences of hypermetropia of more than 3 D, myopia of -1 D or less, astigmatism of 1 D or more, and anisometropia of 1 D or more than those born at term. In the preterm group, the cryotreated children had the greatest risk of refractive errors (16 [64%] of 25 children), with higher prevalences of myopia (<0, -1, or <-3 D), astigmatism (1 D), and anisometropia (1 D).

Conclusions  Significant refractive errors were 4 times more common in 10-year-old prematurely born children than in full-term controls. Cryotreated children had the highest risk, but prematurity per se was also associated with refractive errors. Ophthalmological follow-up of prematurely born children should, therefore, also include children without retinopathy of prematurity in the neonatal period.

From the Department of Ophthalmology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala (Drs Larsson and Holmström), and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Dr Rydberg), Sweden. The authors have no relevant financial interest in this article.

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