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Combined Plaque Radiotherapy and Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Choroidal Melanoma
Tumor Control and Treatment Complications in 270 Consecutive Patients
Carol L. Shields, MD;
Jacqueline Cater, PhD;
Jerry A. Shields, MD;
Aning Chao, MD;
Hatem Krema, MD;
Miguel Materin, MD;
Luther W. Brady, MD
Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:933-940.
Objective To evaluate tumor control and treatment complications following plaque
radiotherapy combined with transpupillary thermotherapy for choroidal melanoma.
Design Prospective noncomparative interventional case series.
Intervention All patients received treatment for choroidal melanoma using plaque
radiotherapy followed by 3 sessions of transpupillary thermotherapy provided
at plaque removal and at 4-month intervals.
Participants Two hundred seventy patients with newly diagnosed choroidal melanoma.
Main Outcome Measures The 2 main outcome measures included local tumor recurrence and treatment-related
complications. The clinical data regarding patient features, tumor features,
radiotherapy and thermotherapy parameters were analyzed for their effect on
the 2 main outcomes using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results Prior to treatment, the median base of the tumor was 11 mm (range, 4-21
mm) and the median thickness was 4 mm (range, 2-9 mm). Most tumors were located
in the posterior pole with a median proximity of 2 mm to the foveola and 2
mm to the optic disc. The median radiotherapy dose to the tumor apex was 9000
rad. Transpupillary thermotherapy was applied in 3 sessions at 4-month intervals
for a median of 700 mW. The tumor decreased in thickness to a median of 2.3
mm by 1 year and 2.1 mm by 2 years' follow-up with stable findings thereafter.
Using Kaplan-Meier estimates, tumor recurrence was 2% at 2 years and 3% at
5 years. Risk factors for tumor recurrence included macular location of the
tumor epicenter (P = .03), diffuse tumor configuration
(P = .005), and tumor margin extending underneath
the foveola (P = .001). Using Kaplan-Meier estimates,
treatment-related complications at 5 years included maculopathy in 18% of
the participants, papillopathy in 38%, macular retinal vascular obstruction
in 18%, vitreous hemorrhage in 18%, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 2%,
cataract in 6%, and neovascular glaucoma in 7%. Enucleation for radiation
complications was necessary in 3 cases (1%).
Conclusion Plaque radiotherapy combined with transpupillary thermotherapy provides
excellent local tumor control with only 3% recurrence at 5 years' follow-up.
From the Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson
University (Drs C. L. Shields, Cater, J. A. Shields, Chao, Krema, and Materin);
and the Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Pennsylvania,
Hahnemann University (Dr Brady), Philadelphia. The authors have no commercial,
proprietary, or financial interest in any of the products or companies described
in this article.
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