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The Glaucoma Symptom Scale
A Brief Index of Glaucoma-Specific Symptoms
Brian L. Lee, MD;
Peter Gutierrez, MA;
Mae Gordon, PhD;
M. Roy Wilson, MD;
George A. Cioffi, MD;
Robert Ritch, MD;
Mark Sherwood, MD;
Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH
Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116:861-866.
Objective To develop a brief symptom survey specific for persons with glaucoma, the Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS).
Design Cross-sectional study of symptoms, functional impairment, and vision-targeted health-related quality of life among persons with glaucoma.
Patients A sample of 147 persons with glaucoma among a broad range of treatment categories from 4 tertiary care glaucoma centers and 44 persons without eye disease enrolled from the same 4 centers.
Main Outcome Measures Participants completed a modified version of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study 10-item symptom checklist. Participants also completed 2 vision-specific measures, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire and the VF-14. Participants underwent a clinical evaluation, including ocular and medical history, dilated ophthalmic examination, and Humphrey 24-2 automated visual field testing.
Results The GSS has 2 underlying domains that demonstrate sufficient internal consistency reliability for between-group comparisons. The GSS discriminates well between persons with and without glaucoma. Additionally, tests of association with clinical markers of glaucoma severity support the clinical validity of the measure and tests of association with established vision-targeted measures provide evidence of construct validity.
Conclusion The simplicity, brevity, and psychometric properties of the GSS support its use in clinical practice and research to quantify symptoms in patients with glaucoma and to assist in investigations concerning the effect of glaucoma and treatments.
From the Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, Calif (Drs Lee and Wilson); UCLA Medical School, Los Angeles (Mr Gutierrez and Dr Mangione); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (Dr Gordon); Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles (Dr Wilson); Devers Eye Institute, Portland, Ore (Dr Cioffi); New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York (Dr Ritch); and University of Florida Medical School, Gainesville (Dr Sherwood).
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