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Alon Harris, PhD; Thomas A. Ciulla, MD; Hak Sung Chung, MD, PhD; Bruce Martin, PhD

Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116:1491-1495.

ABSTRACT
Blood flow to the retina and optic nerve remains constant over a range of elevated intraocular pressure or mean arterial pressure, independent of sympathetic activation (pressure autoregulation). In addition, increased metabolic activity in these tissues proportionally increases blood flow (metabolic autoregulation). At constant metabolic rate, altered arterial oxygen content reciprocally alters blood flow, leaving total oxygen delivery constant, while blood flow rises and falls with the arterial carbon dioxide tension. These responses are similar to those of the cerebral circulation. However, while aging, atherosclerosis, arterial hypotension, and individual variation may profoundly alter blood flow regulation and predispose to the development of illness, these factors remain largely unexplored.

From the Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Drs Harris, Ciulla, and Chung); and the Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University, Bloomington (Dr Martin).

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