The Prevalence of Age-Related Maculopathy by Geographic Region and Ethnicity: The Colorado-Wisconsin Study of Age-Related Maculopathy

doi:10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150244015

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Vol. 115 No. 2, February 1997

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EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS

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The Prevalence of Age-Related Maculopathy by Geographic Region and Ethnicity

The Colorado-Wisconsin Study of Age-Related Maculopathy

Karen J. Cruickshanks, PhD; Richard F. Hamman, MD; Ronald Klein, MD; David M. Nondahl, MS; Susan M. Shetterly, MS

Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(2):242-250.

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of age-related maculopathy (ARM)in a biethnic population and to determine if there are ethnicand/or geographic differences in the prevalence of ARM.

Design
Prevalence data from 2 population-based studies, the San LuisValley Diabetes Study (n=1541, ages 21-74 years) and the BeaverDam Eye Study (n=3999, ages 43-74 years), were compared.

Setting
Southern Colorado and central Wisconsin.

Main Outcome Measure
Color stereoscopic fundus photographs were graded for ARM usingthe Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System. Similarquestionnaire, laboratory, and clinical data on potential riskfactors were available from both studies.

Results
Late-stage ARM was significantly less frequent among Hispanicsthan non-Hispanic whites (NHW) in Beaver Dam (odds ratio [OR]=0.07;95% confidence interval [CI] =0.01-0.49; Hispanics vs BeaverDam NHW). The prevalence of any ARM was significantly loweramong San Luis Valley NHW (10.4%) than Beaver Dam NHW (14.3%)(OR=0.67; 95% CI=0.50-0.91). This prevalence difference wasnot explained by any of the risk factors examined (smoking,cardiovascular disease, diabetes, alcohol consumption, etc).The 2 NHW groups reported different European heritages.

Conclusions
Late-stage ARM appeared to be rare among Hispanics but therewas no ethnic difference in prevalence of any ARM. The 33% differencein risk among NHW by geographic location was not reduced whencontrolling for possible risk factors or confounders, suggestingthat genetic heritage may be an important determinant of riskfor ARM.

Author Affiliations

From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison (Drs Cruickshanks and Klein and Mr Nondahl), and the Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Denver (Dr Hamman and Ms Shetterly).

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