The prevalence of age-related maculopathy by geographic region and ethnicity. The Colorado-Wisconsin Study of Age-Related Maculopathy
K. J. Cruickshanks, R. F. Hamman, R. Klein, D. M. Nondahl and S. M. Shetterly
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of age-related maculopathy (ARM) in
a biethnic population and to determine if there are ethnic and/or
geographic differences in the prevalence of ARM. DESIGN: Prevalence data
from 2 population-based studies, the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study (n =
1541, ages 21-74 years) and the Beaver Dam Eye Study (n = 3999, ages 43-74
years), were compared. SETTING: Southern Colorado and central Wisconsin.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Color stereoscopic fundus photographs were graded for
ARM using the Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System. Similar
questionnaire, laboratory, and clinical data on potential risk factors were
available from both studies. RESULTS: Late-stage ARM was significantly less
frequent among Hispanics than non-Hispanic whites (NHW) in Beaver Dam (odds
ratio [OR] = 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01-0.49; Hispanics vs
Beaver Dam NHW). The prevalence of any ARM was significantly lower among
San Luis Valley NHW (10.4%) than Beaver Dam NHW (14.3%) (OR = 0.67; 95% CI
= 0.50-0.91). This prevalence difference was not explained by any of the
risk factors examined (smoking, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, alcohol
consumption, etc). The 2 NHW groups reported different European heritages.
CONCLUSIONS: Late-stage ARM appeared to be rare among Hispanics but there
was no ethnic difference in prevalence of any ARM. The 33% difference in
risk among NHW by geographic location was not reduced when controlling for
possible risk factors or confounders, suggesting that genetic heritage may
be an important determinant of risk for ARM.
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