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Constantin J. Pournaras, MD; Joan W. Miller, MD; Evangelos S. Gragoudas, MD; Deeba Husain, MD; Jean L. Munoz; Michael J. Tolentino, MD; Masatoshi Kuroki, MD; Anthony P. Adamis, MD

Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(12):1553-1558.

Abstract
Objectives
To determine whether systemic hyperoxia can reverse retinal hypoxia and decrease vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression in ischemic nonhuman primate retina.

Methods
Six eyes of 3 cynomolgus monkeys were studied. Retinal ischemia was induced via laser vein occlusion and confirmed with fluorescein angiography. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment with either 21% or 100% inhaled oxygen. Arterial Po₂ was monitored while systemic acid-base status was maintained. An oxygen microelectrode on a micromanipulator was used to measure preretinal oxygen concentrations in ischemic and nonischemic retina in situ. RNA was isolated from fresh whole retinas, and VEGF messenger RNA levels were quantified with Northern blotting.

Results
The preretinal Po₂ in ischemic retina was less than the Po₂ in nonischemic retina in animals breathing 21% oxygen (intervascular zone Po₂, 14.3±0.53 VS 21.8±0.55 mm Hg; P=.002). After 8 hours of systemic hyperoxia (arterial P0₂, 512±18 mm Hg), the preretinal Po₂ in ischemic retina increased to 166.2±15.6 mm Hg (21.8% oxygen) and retinal VEGF messenger RNA levels were reduced by an average of 55%.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that systemic hyperoxia can lower retinal VEGF gene expression and reoxygenate ischemic adult primate retina.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Eye Department, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Pournaras and Mr Munoz); Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Miller, Gragoudas, Husain, Tolentino, and Adamis); and Laboratory for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (Drs Tolentino, Kuroki, and Adamis).

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