This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Gerard A. Lutty, PhD; D. Scott McLeod; Carol Merges, MAS; Annia Diggs; Jean Plouét, PhD

Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114(8):971-977.

Abstract
Objective
To examine the distribution and relative levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the nondiabetic and preproliferative diabetic human retina and choroid.

Methods
Immunohistochemical localization was performed on frozen sections from cryopreserved postmortem human tissue using a polyclonal antibody against VEGF and a streptavidin peroxidase system. Eyes from 5 subjects without diabetes and 8 subjects with diabetes were examined and analyzed using a 7-point immunohistochemical grading system.

Results
In subjects without diabetes, weak or no VEGF immunoreactivity was associated with retinal blood vessels. In subjects with diabetes, we found significantly increased immunoreactivity in the retinal vascular endothelium and blood vessel walls. Vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity was also associated with intravascular leukocytes in subjects with and without diabetes. In the choroid of subjects without diabetes, immunoreactivity was almost exclusively associated with intravascular leukocytes, whereas in diabetic subjects, immunoreactivity was localized within choriocapillaris endothelium, choroidal neovascular endothelium, and migrating retinal pigment epithelium cells.

Conclusions
The observed increase in VEGF immunoreactivity in the diabetic retina and choroid suggests that VEGF may contribute to 2 well-documented events during retinopathy: increased vascular permeability and angiogenesis.

Author Affiliations
From the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (Dr Lutty, Mr McLeod, and Mss Merges and Diggs); and the Institut de Biologie Cellulaire et Genetique, Toulouse, France (Dr Plouét). The authors have no proprietary interest in the products described in this article.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Clinicopathologic Correlation of Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation
Monson et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:1664-1668.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Amelioration of Diabetes-Associated Abnormalities in the Vitreous Fluid by an Inhibitor of Albumin Glycation
Cohen et al.
IOVS 2008;49:5089-5093.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Retardation of Retinal Vascular Development in Apelin-Deficient Mice
Kasai et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2008;28:1717-1722.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effect of Memantine on Neuroretinal Function and Retinal Vascular Changes of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Kusari et al.
IOVS 2007;48:5152-5159.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Antiangiogenic Role of Somatostatin Receptor 2 in a Model of Hypoxia-Induced Neovascularization in the Retina: Results from Transgenic Mice
Monte et al.
IOVS 2007;48:3480-3489.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Intravitreal Injection of Full-Length Humanized Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antibody in Rabbit Eyes
Inan et al.
IOVS 2007;48:1773-1781.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Nonhuman Primate Models for Diabetic Ocular Neovascularization Using AAV2-Mediated Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Lebherz et al.
Diabetes 2005;54:1141-1149.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Visible light exposure induces VEGF gene expression through activation of retinoic acid receptor-{alpha} in retinoblastoma Y79 cells
Akiyama et al.
Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2005;288:C913-C920.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of Ranibizumab (rhuFabV2) after a Single Intravitreal Administration
Gaudreault et al.
IOVS 2005;46:726-733.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Role of Interleukin-1{beta} in the Development of Retinopathy in Rats: Effect of Antioxidants
Kowluru and Odenbach
IOVS 2004;45:4161-4166.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Inhibition of Ocular Angiogenesis by an Adenovirus Carrying the Human von Hippel-Lindau Tumor-Suppressor Gene In Vivo
Akiyama et al.
IOVS 2004;45:1289-1296.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Localization of Collagen XVIII and the Endostatin Portion of Collagen XVIII in Aged Human Control Eyes and Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Bhutto et al.
IOVS 2004;45:1544-1552.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Supplemental Oxygen Improves Diabetic Macular Edema: A Pilot Study
Nguyen et al.
IOVS 2004;45:617-624.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diabetic Retinopathy
Frank
NEJM 2004;350:48-58.
FULL TEXT  

Mapping the Blood Vessels with Paracellular Permeability in the Retinas of Diabetic Rats
Barber and Antonetti
IOVS 2003;44:5410-5416.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Retinal Oxygen: Fundamental and Clinical Aspects
Wangsa-Wirawan and Linsenmeier
Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:547-557.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Induction of VEGF Gene Expression by Retinoic Acid through Sp1-Binding Sites in Retinoblastoma Y79 Cells
Akiyama et al.
IOVS 2002;43:1367-1374.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Altered Expression Patterns of VEGF Receptors in Human Diabetic Retina and in Experimental VEGF-Induced Retinopathy in Monkey
Witmer et al.
IOVS 2002;43:849-857.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Inducible Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Adult Mice Causes Severe Proliferative Retinopathy and Retinal Detachment
Ohno-Matsui et al.
Am. J. Pathol. 2002;160:711-719.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Endothelial Cell Hypertrophy Induced by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Retina: New Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Capillary Nonperfusion
Hofman et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:861-866.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Histologic Correlation of Human Neural Retinal Transplantation
del Cerro et al.
IOVS 2000;41:3142-3148.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Leads to the Development of Choroidal Neovascularization
Spilsbury et al.
Am. J. Pathol. 2000;157:135-144.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in uveal melanoma and its correlation with metastasis
Sheidow et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2000;84:750-756.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Enhancement of Glucose Transport by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Retinal Endothelial Cells
Sone et al.
IOVS 2000;41:1876-1884.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins-2 and -4: Negative Growth Regulators in Adult Retinal Pigmented Epithelium
Mathura et al.
IOVS 2000;41:592-600.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Photodynamic Therapy With Verteporfin for Choroidal Neovascularization Caused by Age-related Macular Degeneration: Results of Retreatments in a Phase 1 and 2 Study
Schmidt-Erfurth et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:1177-1187.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Subnormal Retinal Oxygenation Response Precedes Diabetic-like Retinopathy
Berkowitz et al.
IOVS 1999;40:2100-2105.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Angiogenic factors in human proliferative sickle cell retinopathy
Cao et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1999;83:838-846.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Growth factor staining patterns in the pig retina following retinal laser photocoagulation
Xiao et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1999;83:728-736.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Immunolocalisation of the VEGF receptors FLT-1, KDR, and FLT-4 in diabetic retinopathy
Smith et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1999;83:486-494.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Expression of cell adhesion molecules and vascular endothelial growth factor in experimental choroidal neovascularisation in the rat
Shen et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1998;82:1063-1071.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Transcription Factors Sp1 and Sp3 Alter Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Expression through a Novel Recognition Sequence
Hata et al.
J. Biol. Chem. 1998;273:19294-19303.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in patients with retinal vein occlusions
Iannaccone et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1998;82:498-503.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

VEGF localisation in diabetic retinopathy
Boulton et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1998;82:561-568.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Systemic Hyperoxia Decreases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression in Ischemic Primate Retina
Pournaras et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:1553-1558.
ABSTRACT  

Effects of high glucose on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells
Natarajan et al.
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 1997;273:H2224-H2231.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

An Aldose Reductase Inhibitor and Aminoguanidine Prevent Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Rats With Long-term Galactosemia
Frank et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:1036-1047.
ABSTRACT  

Role of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease
SCHLINGEMANN and VAN HINSBERGH
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1997;81:501-512.
FULL TEXT  

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and the Eye: Past, Present, and Future
Aiello
Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114:1252-1254.
ABSTRACT