Cigarette smoking and risk for progression of nuclear opacities
S. West, B. Munoz, O. D. Schein, S. Vitale, M. Maguire, H. R. Taylor and N. M. Bressler
Dana Center for Preventive Opthalmology, Wilmer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD., USA.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between smoking and the 5-year
incidence of new nuclear opacities and between smoking and the progression
of nuclear opacities in a prospective study of a cohort of Chesapeake Bay
watermen. METHODS: A total of 442 men (age, > or = 30 years in 1985)
with paired, gradable lens photographs in at least one eye in both 1985 and
1990 were studied. Photographs were graded by two readers who used the
grading scheme of the Wilmer Institute, Baltimore, Md, with severity
ranging in decimal units between 0.0 and 4.0. Data on the smoking history
of the subjects were collected by personal interviews that were conducted
in 1985 and updated in 1990. RESULTS: The incidence and progression of
opacities increased with age. A nonsignificant association was observed
between smoking (for both current and ex-smokers) and the incidence of a
nuclear opacity. The risk of progression of nuclear opacities of less than
grade 3 at baseline to grade 3 or worse was 2.4-fold higher among current
smokers in 1985, compared with that among ex-smokers and nonsmokers (95%
confidence limits: 1.0, 6.0) after adjustment for age, baseline opacity
status, and alcohol use. An 18% increased risk of progression was
significantly associated with each pack-year that a subject smoked between
1985 and 1990. CONCLUSION: These data confirm previous findings that
smoking is associated with a nuclear opacity, particularly with progression
to severe opacities.
Retrobulbar blood flow in patients with cataract
Grieshaber et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2006;90:1512-1515.
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Lindblad et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:73-79.
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Christen et al.
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Klein et al.
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Christen et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:372-378.
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Berendschot et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:1732-1737.
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Taylor et al.
BMJ 2002;325:11-11.
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Wirth et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2002;86:782-786.
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Smoking Cessation and Risk of Age-Related Cataract in Men
Christen et al.
JAMA 2000;284:713-716.
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