Ocular manifestations of leprosy in a noninstitutionalized community in the United States
M. R. Dana, M. A. Hochman, M. A. Viana, C. H. Hill and J. Sugar
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary.
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to delineate the epidemiologic and clinical
patterns of ocular leprosy in an outpatient setting in the United States.
DESIGN: Examinations were performed in 61 consecutive outpatients seen in a
Midwestern leprosy clinic. PATIENTS: Forty-three male and 18 female
patients were examined. The patients' origins included Southeast Asia (24
patients [39%]), Latin America (23 patients [38%]), India (nine patients
[15%]), Europe or North America (two patients [3%]), Africa (two patients
[3%]), and the Middle East (one patient [2%]). RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent
of patients were classified as having polar lepromatous leprosy; 18%,
borderline lepromatous leprosy; 3%, borderline borderline leprosy; 36%,
borderline tuberculoid leprosy; 2%, polar tuberculoid leprosy; and 2%,
indeterminate leprosy. Ninety-six percent of patients had a best-corrected
visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Ocular findings included madarosis (28
patients [46%]), subconjunctival fibrosis (18 patients [30%]), punctate
epithelial keratopathy (17 patients [28%]), posterior subcapsular cataract
(10 patients [16%]), corneal hypesthesia (10 patients [16%]), lagophthalmos
(seven patients [11%]), corneal pannus (six patients [10%]), entropion
(five patients [8%]), prominent or beaded corneal nerves (four patients
[7%]), iridocyclitis (four patients [7%]), focal avascular keratitis (three
patients [5%]), scleritis (three patients [5%]), interstitial keratitis
(two patients [3%]), iris pearls (two patients [3%]), and ocular
clofazimine crystals (two patients [3%]). Madarosis, corneal hypesthesia,
and posterior subcapsular cataracts were significantly associated with
disease duration (P < .05). CONCLUSION: We report herein a relatively
low frequency of visual impairment attributable to leprosy in our series
compared with that seen among institutionalized leprous patients. However,
since 48% of subjects had one or more sight-threatening complications as a
result of their disease, a program of regular ophthalmic follow-up is
strongly advocated for all patients with leprosy.
