Adverse effects of topical antiglaucoma medication. I. The conjunctival cell profile
D. C. Broadway, I. Grierson, C. O'Brien and R. A. Hitchings
Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of various long-term topical
antiglaucoma regimens on the cell population profile of the conjunctiva.
METHODS: Conjunctival biopsy specimens from 124 patients undergoing
filtration surgery were assessed quantitatively by light microscopy.
Preoperatively, the patients had used a drug for only a brief period (group
A; n = 28), a beta-blocker alone (group B; n = 31), a beta-blocker in
combination with a miotic (group C; n = 33), or a combination of
beta-blocker, miotic, and sympathomimetic (group D; n = 32). RESULTS: The
conjunctiva in groups A and B was similar. Group C conjunctiva differed,
but the changes were most marked in biopsy specimens from patients in group
D, where there was a significant decrease in goblet cells (P < .05);
increase in pale cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes within the epithelium
(P < .001); and increase in fibroblasts (P < .001), macrophages (P
< .001), mast cells (P < .05), and lymphocytes (P = .01) in the
substantia propria. In addition, the effect of duration of therapy was
assessed. Administration of topical medication for more than 3 years was
found to increase the numbers of pale cells within the epithelium (P <
.05); fibroblasts (P < .05), macrophages (P < .001), lymphocytes (P
< .01), and mast cells (P = .001) within the superficial substantia
propria; and the numbers of fibroblasts (P = .01) and macrophages (P <
.05) within the deep substantia propria. CONCLUSIONS: The compared
treatment regimens affected the conjunctiva to different degrees, with
multiple-drug topical therapy exerting the greatest effect on the degree of
subclinical inflammation within the conjunctiva. The results also indicated
that administration of topical medication, irrespective of type, for 3
years or more induced a significant degree of subclinical inflammation.
In Vitro Studies of Antiglaucomatous Prostaglandin Analogues: Travoprost with and without Benzalkonium Chloride and Preserved Latanoprost
Baudouin et al.
IOVS 2007;48:4123-4128.
ABSTRACT
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Measurement of inflammatory cytokines by multicytokine assay in tears of patients with glaucoma topically treated with chronic drugs
Malvitte et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2007;91:29-32.
ABSTRACT
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Conjunctival markers as predictable markers for preoperative glaucoma assessment.
Pisella
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2006;90:1335-1336.
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Trefoil factor family 1, MUC5AC and human leucocyte antigen-DR expression by conjunctival cells in patients with glaucoma treated with chronic drugs: could these markers predict the success of glaucoma surgery?
Souchier et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2006;90:1366-1369.
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Effects of Antiglaucoma Drops on MMP and TIMP Balance in Conjunctival and Subconjunctival Tissue.
Ito et al.
IOVS 2006;47:823-830.
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In Vitro Study of Inflammatory Potential and Toxicity Profile of Latanoprost, Travoprost, and Bimatoprost in Conjunctiva-Derived Epithelial Cells
Guenoun et al.
IOVS 2005;46:2444-2450.
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Latanoprost Stimulates Secretion of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Tenon Fibroblasts Both In Vitro and In Vivo
Mietz et al.
IOVS 2003;44:5182-5188.
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Lyophilisates for drug delivery in ophthalmology: pharmacokinetics of fluorescein in the human anterior segment
Dinslage et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2002;86:1114-1117.
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In vivo production of interferon {beta} by human Tenon's fibroblasts; a possible mediator for the development of chronic conjunctival inflammation
Chang et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2002;86:611-615.
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Prevalence of ocular symptoms and signs with preserved and preservative free glaucoma medication
Pisella et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2002;86:418-423.
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Mitochondrial Activity and Glutathione Injury in Apoptosis Induced by Unpreserved and Preserved {beta}-Blockers on Chang Conjunctival Cells
Debbasch et al.
IOVS 2001;42:2525-2533.
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Human Tenon's Fibroblast-Produced IFN{beta} and the Prevention of T-Cell Apoptosis
Chang et al.
IOVS 2001;42:1531-1538.
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Quaternary Ammoniums and Other Preservatives' Contribution in Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis on Chang Conjunctival Cells
Debbasch et al.
IOVS 2001;42:642-652.
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Effect of Latanoprost and Timolol on the Histopathology of the Rabbit Conjunctiva
Mietz et al.
IOVS 2001;42:679-687.
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Short term comparative study of topical 2% carteolol with and without benzalkonium chloride in healthy volunteers
Baudouin and de Lunardo
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1998;82:39-42.
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