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Botulinum-Induced Changes in Monkey Eyelid MuscleComparison With Changes Seen in Extraocular Muscle
John D. Porter, PhD;
Sarah Strebeck;
Norman F. Capra, PhD
Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109(3):396-404.
Abstract
• Botulin type A was injected into the eyelids of adult monkeys, and structural alterations in the orbicularis oculi muscle were evaluated after survival times of 7 to 84 days. The most profound change seen at both the light- and electron-microscopic levels was nonselective atrophy of virtually all muscle fibers. Moreover, the botulin-induced blockade of neuromuscular transmission was nonspecific in producing alterations in the three orbicularis fiber types. Muscle structural changes appeared to be reversible, with no apparent long-term consequences. While sprouting of preterminal axons was noted in botulin-treated muscle, formation of collateral sprouts did not appear to be widespread. These changes contrast with the fiber type-specific, long-term alterations induced in extraocular muscle by botulin treatment. However, this differential response may be attributed to the very clear differences in fiber type composition and motor control mechanisms between eyelid and extraocular muscle groups. The efficacy of botulin treatments for strabismus and focal dystonia may then be directly related to both the anatomic fiber type composition and the functional properties of motor control systems of the injected muscle.
Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology and of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington (Dr Porter); the Department of Anatomy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (Ms Strebeck); and the Department of Physiology, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore (Dr Capra).
Footnotes
Accepted for publication September 24, 1990.
Reprint requests to Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose St, Lexington, KY 40536-0084 (Dr Porter).
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