Retinal toxicity of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the rabbit
M. W. Johnson, K. R. Olsen, E. Hernandez, W. D. Irvine and R. N. Johnson
Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33101.
We studied the dose-dependent retinal toxicity of the available commercial
preparation of human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the normal
rabbit eye. Tissue plasminogen activator was injected into the midvitreous
cavity of albino rabbits in doses (per 100 microL) of 25, 50, 75, and 100
micrograms. Control eyes received 100 microL of balanced salt solution or
tissue plasminogen activator vehicle. No evidence of a retinal toxic
reaction was seen in eyes receiving 25 micrograms of tissue plasminogen
activator. One of four eyes injected with 50 micrograms showed loss of
photoreceptor cells by light microscopy. Severe retinal damage was seen by
ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, and light microscopy in three of four
eyes receiving 75 micrograms of tissue plasminogen activator and in all
eyes treated with 100 micrograms of tissue plasminogen activator or
equivalent vehicle. These results suggest that the commercial recombinant
tissue plasminogen activator formulation has a narrow margin of safety in
nonvitrectomized eyes and that a component of the vehicle is the toxic
factor.
Toxic Effects of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator on Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells
Yoeruek et al.
IOVS 2008;49:1392-1397.
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Pars plana vitrectomy with peripheral retinotomy after injection of preoperative intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator: a modified procedure to drain massive subretinal haemorrhage
Oshima et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2007;91:193-198.
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Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injected into the vitreous cavity may penetrate the retinal veins of a porcine model of vascular occlusion
Mahmoud et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2006;90:911-915.
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A study of retinal penetration of intravitreal tenecteplase in pigs.
Kwan et al.
IOVS 2006;47:2662-2667.
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Management of subretinal macular haemorrhage by direct administration of tissue plasminogen activator.
Singh et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2006;90:429-431.
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Intravitreal Injection of Tissue Plasminogen Activator: Four Considerations
Hesse and Johnson
Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:456-457.
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Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator following paediatric cataract surgery
Mehta and Adams
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2000;84:983-986.
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Nonsurgical Management of Macular Hemorrhage Secondary to Retinal Artery Macroaneurysms
McCabe et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:780-785.
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Retinal Toxicity of Commercial Intravitreal Tissue Plasminogen Activator Solution in Cat Eyes
Hrach et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:659-663.
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Pneumatic Displacement of Subretinal Hemorrhage Without Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Ohji et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:1326-1332.
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