This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Harry A. Quigley, MD; Andrew E. Brown; John D. Morrison, MD; Stephen M. Drance, MD

Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108(1):51-57.

Abstract
• We studied the size, shape, and configuration of connective tissue of the optic disc in normal eye-bank eyes from 60 adults. The mean vertical and horizontal disc diameters were 1.88 and 1.77 mm, respectively. These figures are larger than most estimates of disc diameter using clinical image analysis methods. Within our sample, larger eyes did not have larger discs. The normal variation in disc diameter is sufficient to explain the normal variation in cup-disc ratio. The optic discs of blacks were larger and more oval than those of whites, though the axial lengths of the eyes in the two groups were not significantly different. Women's eyes and discs were smaller than those of men, possibly explaining the smaller cup-disc ratio in women. Larger optic discs and optic nerves have more optic nerve fibers than do smaller discs and nerves. Oblique insertions of the disc were detected in 18% of eyes. These were predominantly centered in the inferior disc and were more common in white women.

Author Affiliations
From the Glaucoma Service, The Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (Drs Quigley and Morrison and Mr Brown); and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Dr Drance). Dr Morrison is now with Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication August 2, 1989.

Reprint requests to Maumenee B-110, The Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21205 (Dr Quigley).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

The African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): Design and Baseline Data
Sample et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:1136-1145.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Retinal and Optic Disc Findings in Adolescence: A Population-Based OCT Study
Huynh et al.
IOVS 2008;49:4328-4335.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Determinants of the Optic Cup to Disc Ratio in an Asian Population: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES)
Amerasinghe et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:1101-1108.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The morphology of the optic nerve head in the Singaporean Chinese population (the Tanjong Pagar study): part 1--optic nerve head morphology
Bourne et al.
Br J Ophthalmol 2008;92:303-309.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Association of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography with disc size and axial length
Nagai-Kusuhara et al.
Br J Ophthalmol 2008;92:186-190.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Optic Disk Size and Optic Disk-to-Fovea Distance in Preterm and Full-Term Infants
De Silva et al.
IOVS 2006;47:4683-4686.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The ISNT Rule and Differentiation of Normal From Glaucomatous Eyes.
Harizman et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:1579-1583.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Optic Nerve Structure in Healthy Subjects--Reply
Racette et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:1508-1509.
FULL TEXT  

Distribution of Optic Disc Parameters Measured by OCT: Findings from a Population-Based Study of 6-Year-Old Australian Children.
Huynh et al.
IOVS 2006;47:3276-3285.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Factors Influencing Optic Nerve Head Biomechanics
Sigal et al.
IOVS 2005;46:4189-4199.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Glaucoma: Macrocosm to Microcosm The Friedenwald Lecture
Quigley
IOVS 2005;46:2663-2670.
FULL TEXT  

Finite Element Modeling of Optic Nerve Head Biomechanics
Sigal et al.
IOVS 2004;45:4378-4387.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Subjective and Objective Optic Nerve Assessment in African Americans and Whites
Girkin et al.
IOVS 2004;45:2272-2278.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Racial Differences in the Association between Optic Disc Topography and Early Glaucoma
Girkin et al.
IOVS 2003;44:3382-3387.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Fundus Photography for Measurement of Macular Pigment Density Distribution in Children
Bour et al.
IOVS 2002;43:1450-1455.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Optic Nerve Head as a Biomechanical Structure: Initial Finite Element Modeling
Bellezza et al.
IOVS 2000;41:2991-3000.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relation of optic disc topography and age to thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer as measured using scanning laser polarimetry, in normal subjects
Toprak and Yilmaz
Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:473-478.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Scanning laser polarimetry in normal subjects and patients with myopia
Özdek et al.
Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:264-267.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Vertical cup/disc ratio in relation to optic disc size: its value in the assessment of the glaucoma suspect
Garway-Heath et al.
Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:1118-1124.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Optic Nerve Hypoplasia Diagnosis Should Be Confirmed by Accurate Measurements
Lempert et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:831-832.
FULL TEXT  

Quantitative evaluation of the optic nerve head in early glaucoma
Garway-Heath and Hitchings
Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:352-361.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effect of optic disc size or age on evaluation of optic disc variables
Kee et al.
Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:1046-1049.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Aging changes of the optic nerve head in relation to open angle glaucoma
Garway-Heath et al.
Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:840-845.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Race-, Age-, Gender-, and Refractive Error--Related Differences in the Normal Optic Disc
Varma et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112:1068-1076.
ABSTRACT  

Risk Factors for the Development of Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss in Ocular Hypertension
Quigley et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112:644-649.
ABSTRACT  

Open-Angle Glaucoma
Quigley
NEJM 1993;328:1097-1106.
FULL TEXT  

Fundus Measurements With Indirect Ophthalmoscopy: An Experimental Approach
Wells et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:1303-1308.
ABSTRACT  

Larger Optic Nerve Heads Have More Nerve Fibers in Normal Monkey Eyes-Reply
Quigley et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:1043-1043.
ABSTRACT  

Optic Disc Size in Exfoliative, Primary Open Angle, and Low-Tension Glaucoma
Tuulonen and Airaksinen
Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:211-213.
ABSTRACT  

Quantitative Regional Structure of the Normal Human Lamina Cribrosa: A Racial Comparison
Dandona et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1990;108:393-398.
ABSTRACT