India-US case-control study of age-related cataracts. India-US Case-Control Study Group

M. Mohan, R. D. Sperduto, S. K. Angra, R. C. Milton, R. L. Mathur, B. A. Underwood, N. Jaffery, C. B. Pandya, V. K. Chhabra, R. B. Vajpayee and al. et
Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

In a hospital-based case-control study of 1441 patients with age-related cataracts and 549 controls, we studied associations between types of cataract--nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and mixed--and a number of physiologic, behavioral, environmental, and biochemical variables. Using polychotomous logistic regression analysis, we found an increased risk of cataract with lower educational achievement (all types of cataract), decreased cloud cover at place of residence (all types), use of aspirin less than once a month (posterior subcapsular and mixed), diets low in selected nutrients (posterior subcapsular, nuclear, and mixed), higher blood pressure (nuclear and mixed), lower body mass index (nuclear and mixed), use of cheaper cooking fuels (cortical, nuclear, and mixed), and lower levels of an antioxidant index based on red blood cell levels of glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and plasma levels of ascorbic acid and vitamin E (posterior subcapsular and mixed). All risks cited were significantly different from those for the other cataract types, a finding that emphasizes the need to investigate the epidemiology of specific types of cataract.

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Blood Levels of Vitamin C, Carotenoids and Retinol Are Inversely Associated with Cataract in a North Indian Population
Dherani et al.
IOVS 2008;49:3328-3335.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevalence of Lens Opacities in North India: The INDEYE Feasibility Study
Murthy et al.
IOVS 2007;48:88-95.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Antioxidants in Prevention of Cataracts Study: effects of antioxidant supplements on cataract progression in South India
Gritz et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2006;90:847-851.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Body Mass Index and Age-Related Cataract: The Shihpai Eye Study
Kuang et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:1109-1114.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Intensity of Smoking and Smoking Cessation in Relation to Risk of Cataract Extraction: A Prospective Study of Women
Lindblad et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:73-79.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Case-control study of indoor cooking smoke exposure and cataract in Nepal and India
Pokhrel et al.
Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:702-708.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Albumin and Transthyretin as Risk Factors for Cataract: The POLA Study
Delcourt et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:225-232.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smoking and Its Association with Cataract: Results of the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study from India
Krishnaiah et al.
IOVS 2005;46:58-65.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Risk factors for age related cataract in a rural population of southern India: the Aravind Comprehensive Eye Study
Nirmalan et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2004;88:989-994.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Risk Factors for Incident Cortical and Posterior Subcapsular Lens Opacities in the Barbados Eye Studies
Hennis et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:525-530.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Weight status, abdominal adiposity, diabetes, and early age-related lens opacities
Jacques et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003;78:400-405.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Risk factors for nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts in the Chinese population of Singapore: the Tanjong Pagar Survey
Foster et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1112-1120.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Aetiology of congenital and paediatric cataract in an Australian population
Wirth et al.
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2002;86:782-786.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Household Stove Improvement and Risk of Lung Cancer in Xuanwei, China
Lan et al.
JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:826-835.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Vitamin C Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Cataract in a Mediterranean Population
Valero et al.
J. Nutr. 2002;132:1299-1306.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long-term intake of vitamins and carotenoids and odds of early age-related cortical and posterior subcapsular lens opacities
Taylor et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002;75:540-549.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smoking Cessation and Risk of Cataract Extraction among US Women and Men
Weintraub et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:72-79.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial of High-Dose Supplementation With Vitamins C and E and Beta Carotene for Age-Related Cataract and Vision Loss: AREDS Report No. 9
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group
Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1439-1452.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long-term Nutrient Intake and Early Age-Related Nuclear Lens Opacities
Jacques et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1009-1019.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevention strategies for age related cataract: present limitations and future possibilities
Congdon
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2001;85:516-520.
FULL TEXT  

The Heritability of Age-Related Cortical Cataract: The Twin Eye Study
Hammond et al.
IOVS 2001;42:601-605.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Aspirin Use and Risk of Cataract in Posttrial Follow-up of Physicians' Health Study I
Christen et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:405-412.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Fat cat(aract)
Taylor and Moeller
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000;72:1417-1418.
FULL TEXT  

Relations of body fat distribution and height with cataract in men
Schaumberg et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000;72:1495-1502.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Inaugural Article: National burden of disease in India from indoor air pollution
Smith
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000;97:13286-13293.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smoking Cessation and Risk of Age-Related Cataract in Men
Christen et al.
JAMA 2000;284:713-716.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men
Brown et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;70:517-524.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans
Carr and Frei
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;69:1086-1107.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Criteria and Recommendations for Vitamin C Intake
Levine et al.
JAMA 1999;281:1415-1423.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Anthropometric status and cataract: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation project
Caulfield et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;69:237-242.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and incidence of age-related nuclear cataract
Lyle et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;69:272-277.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sunlight Exposure and Cataract
Dillon et al.
JAMA 1999;281:229-230.
FULL TEXT  

Association of Inhaled Corticosteroid Use With Cataract Extraction in Elderly Patients
Garbe et al.
JAMA 1998;280:539-543.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT