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Rat Extraocular Muscle RegenerationRepair of Local Anesthetic-Induced Damage
Bruce M. Carlson, MD, PhD;
Edgar A. Rainin, MD
Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;103(9):1373-1377.
Abstract
• Local anesthetics that are commonly used in ophthalmic surgery (0.75% bupivacaine hydrochloride, 2.0% mepivacaine hydrochloride, and 2.0% lidocaine hydrochloride plus 1:100,000 epinephrine) were injected into the retrobulbar area of rat eyes. Controls were injected with physiological saline. All three anesthetics produced massive degeneration of the extraocular muscles. Muscle degeneration is followed by regeneration of the damaged muscle fibers. In addition to muscle damage, severe damage was also seen in harderian glands, especially after exposure to mepivacaine and lidocaine plus epinephrine. With these findings in rats, it is hypothesized that the temporary diplopia sometimes seen in patients after ophthalmic surgery might be due to anesthetic-induced damage to the extraocular muscles.
Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Anatomy and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Dr Carlson); and the Bay Area Eye Center, Walnut Creek, Calif (Dr Rainin).
Footnotes
Accepted for publication Feb 15, 1985.
Reprint requests to Department of Anatomy, 4622 Med Sci II, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (Dr Carlson).
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